The Aristotle’s lantern, specific to echinoids, forms the mouth that has five calcareous teeth used to scrape algae (kelp) and create dugouts for protection(2). Its sharp spines reach up to 7.5 cm (3") long. Purple sea urchins can maintain this larval stage for several months, thereby enhancing their dispersal potential. When these two species don't stay true to their names, their spines must be examined for proper identification. Eastern Pacific Ocean from the Gulf of Alaska, south to the northern Baja Peninsula. pacific ocean. Maximum size is … Its tube feet are dark red. Both its test and its spines are the largest off the Pacific Northwest urchins. The red sea urchin’s body is domed above and flat below. Pacific Purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) is smaller than red urchin at three to four inches in diameter and abundant on the Pacific Coast, especially California, where it’s threatening kelp forests. Physical Characteristics. They have tube feet and the mouth is located on the underside of the body. Once test plates manifest surrounding the mouth and anus, the larva soon sinks to the bottom and metamorphoses into an adult form in a period of hours. Habitat. Habitat & Range The purple sea urchin is covered by a shell known as a test, or hard shell that bears spines with cilia used for food capture and tube feet for locomotion and gas exchange (respiration). They avoid locations with sand or muddy sediments. Living at depths of 91 to 488 m (300 to 1600 ft), fragile pink urchins prefer a sandy bottom habitat; however, they are often found in large groups on kelp rafts called kelp falls, masses of kelp that have fallen to the ocean bottom. The purple sea urchin thrives amid strong wave action and areas with churning aerated water. Conversely, green sea urchins (of all ages) can sometimes be a purplish colour. [citation needed Strongylocentrotus purpuratus: purple sea urchin – Eastern Pacific from British Columbia to Baja California, up to 4 inches (10.2 cm) wide and nearly 2 inches (5 cm) tall. The lack of plump gonads and poor quality of uni makes the current crop of purple sea urchins essentially unmarketable. Strongylocentrotus franciscanus: giant red sea urchin – Eastern Pacific from the Gulf of Alaska to Baja California, up to nearly 7.5 inches (19 cm) in diameter. Unfortunately, sea urchins harvested from an urchin barren is not an appealing option since they contain next to no roe. The Purple Sea Urchin is a member of the family Echinometridae and possesses a hard exoskeleton with numerous sharp, solid spines that taper to a point. Many sea urchins can be found on the ocean floor near the holdfast of the kelp. A lack of food and the absence of kelp causes sea urchin reproductive organs to degrade, shrink, and resorb. The giant kelp forests provide a feast for S. purpuratus. The green spines of purple sea urchin juveniles can potentially cause confusion with the green sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis). What Are the Sea Urchin's Adaptations for Survival? The red sea urchin (Mesocentrotus franciscanus) is a sea urchin found in the northeastern Pacific Ocean from Alaska to Baja California.It lives in shallow waters from the low-tide line to greater than 100 m (330 ft) deep, and is typically found on rocky shores sheltered from extreme wave action. The spines of sea urchins are very sensitive to touch and chemicals in the water. Body colour ranges from white to green, purple and black and the spines are typically different in colour. These urchins are found in rocky subtidal habitats from areas just below the low tide line where the wave action is not extreme to about 90 m (300 ft) deep.

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