In the charophyte ancestor of modern plants, processes such as gamete production, fertilization, and development of the embryo were highly dependent on the aquatic environment. Land plants probably are probably derived from a group of green algae called charophytes. Description. McCourt RM(1), Delwiche CF, Karol KG. A four-gene phylogenetic analysis was conducted to investigate these relationships. Unfortunately, up to now, no CHS or CHS-related sequences are available from the postulated early land plants and their possible ancestors, and little is known about products of secondary metabolism that could have been synthesized by CHS-related proteins in such plants. The embryophytes (land plants) have long been thought to be related to the green algal group Charophyta, though the nature of this relationship and the origin of the land plants have remained unresolved. Charophytes are the only algae that share certain characteristics with plants. They can produce both sexually and asexually, but the life cycle is basically haplontic. Charophytes most closely related to land plants will be discussed in Chapter 29 from BIO 148 at California Baptist University Charophytes are the most closely related organisms to land plants and are found in … Charophyte algae and land plant origins. Other green algae from mostly terrestrial habitats are included in the Trebouxiophyceae, … Land plants share with the charophyceans the following traits: 1. Xylem Green algae are split into two groups – chlorophytes and charophytes. E) The second and third answers are correct. C) Some protists are more closely related to plants, animals, or fungi than they are to other protists. Species of green algae that are closely related to embryophytes are classified as charophytes while the remaining green algae are classified as chlorophytes. A number of freshwater green algae (charophytes, desmids and Spirogyra) are now included in the Charophyta (charophytes), a phylum of predominantly freshwater and terrestrial algae, which are more closely related to the higher plants than the marine green algae belonging to the Chlorophyta (known as chlorophytes). Charophyceans are the green algae most closely related to land plants. Indeed, the fact that stomata first appeared in hornworts and mosses is evidence that vascular plants evolved from one of these two groups. Cell division in land plants is more similar to charophyte cell division than other algal cell division. Finally, both charophytes and the land plants show apical growth—growth from the tips of the plant rather than throughout the plant body. Charophytes are well known to students of biology. In humans, for example, meiosis produces haploid gametes that unite, forming diploid zygotes B) The kingdom Protista is polyphyletic. The Coleochaetes are branched or disclike multicellular forms. A significant event influencing the rapid evolution of plants on land after their initial appearance was the _____ reduction of UV radiation tenatration through the atmosphere. 2.2.3 Charophyta (Migula, 1889) Charophyte green algae are a diverse paraphyletic assemblage of strictly freshwater algae (Leliaert et al., 2012), having diverged from the chlorophytes, rhodophytes, and glaucophytes, and placed by taxonomists, phylogenetically, on the road to the land plants. The evolutionary origins of the embryophytes are discussed further below, but they are believed to have evolved from within a group of complex green algae during the Paleozoic era (which started around probably from terrestrial unicellular charophytes, similar to extant Klebsormidiophyceae. In particular, the charophytes are probably close to the common ancestor of all land plants. Author information: (1)Academy of Natural Sciences, 1900 Benjamin Franklin Parkway, Philadelphia, PA 19103, USA. Like plants, charophytes have chlorophyll a and b, storecarbohydrates as starch, have cell walls Recent extensive DNA sequence analysis of charophytes indicates that the Zygnematales are more closely related to the embryophytes than the Charales or the Coleochaetales.

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